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Dilution limits are quite flexible. In the interests of economy it's not practical to use a gallon of developer for each 4x5 film sheet, so the trick is to find a smaller volume that will work about as well. It that a liter? A pint? 200 ml? 5 ml? The decision is really arbitrary unless it's based on valid test information. In fact, films will develop quite satisfactorily in highly dilute solutions if development time is extended sufficiently.
If you subscribe to "D-max," the quarterly bulletin from "The View Camera Store," you'll find articles describing the effects of developer dilution in Vol. 5, issues 3 & 4.
We have a wealth of development information for tube users, all based on sensitometric tests of various film/developer combinations. A summary of that test information is also available in "D-Max" Vol. 9, double issue 1&2.
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